QUIZ

WORD(S) ANSWERS FOR CLEARING CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

PREPARED BY –

DR. BOMMULURI BHAVANA RAO

1.    What international document is described as the constitutional framework of contemporary public international law?      

The UN Charter

2.    Which UN Charter article prohibits the threat or use of force in international relations?

Article 2(4)

3.    Under Article 51 of the UN Charter, the right of self-defence is preserved only if _________ occurs? An armed attack

4.    Which landmark advisory opinion established that an international organization can possess international personality?      

Reparation for Injuries in the Service of UN

5.    The advisory opinions in Western Sahara and Chagos affirm that _____ remains a legally operative principle. 

Self-determination

6.    Which UN Charter article authorizes the Security Council to impose non-military measures such as sanctions?     

Article 41

7.    What is the principal doctrinal map for identifyng the sources of international law?

Article 38 of the ICJ Statute

8.    The rule that treaties must be performed in good faith is known by what Latin term?

Pacta sunt servanda

9.    According to Article 27 of the VCLT, a party may not invoke its _____ as justification for treaty non-performance.    

Internal law

10.                   What are the two essential elements required to identify a rule of customary international law?      General practice and opinio juris

11.                   In the North Sea Continental Shelf cases, the ICJ held that state practice must be extensive and _____ to form custom.    

Virtually uniform

12.                   Which case established that a claimed regional custom must be shown by constant and uniform usage? 

The Asylum case

13.                   What does the Lotus case teach about the permissive structure of state jurisdiction?     

States have regulatory space unless a prohibitive rule of international law is shown.

14.                   How are 'General Principles' defined in the context of Article 38 of the ICJ Statute?     

Legal principles common to major municipal systems or inherent in adjudication.

15.                   In the hierarchy of sources, judicial decisions and the writings of publicists are considered _____. Subsidiary means

16.                   How do General Assembly resolutions typically contribute to the formation of international law?   By crystallizing or providing evidence of opinio juris.

17.                   Which theory of international law imagines a single, unified legal hierarchy including both international and domestic norms?       

Monism

18.                   Which theory treats international and municipal law as separate systems requiring transformation for domestic use? 

Dualism

19.                   In India, what is generally required before a treaty that alters liabilities or rights can be municipally implemented?

Enactment of implementing legislation by Parliament

20.                   The Indian Supreme Court case Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan illustrates using international norms as _____.        

Interpretive aids for constitutional provisions

21.                   Which Indian case demonstrated the domestication of environmental principles like 'polluter-pays' from international law?

Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum v. Union of India

22.                   In US law, what is the term for a treaty that does not require additional legislation to be judicially enforceable?

Self-executing treaty

23.                   Which case is essential for explaining corporate nationality and the limits of shareholder protection?     

Barcelona Traction

24.                   What is the primary basis of jurisdiction over acts committed within a State's own borders?

Territorial jurisdiction

25.                   The cases of LaGrand and Jadhav focus on a State's procedural obligations regarding _____.       Consular notification and access

26.                   Which case distinguishes between the substantive responsibility for crimes and procedural immunity for senior officials? 

The Arrest Warrant case

27.                   According to Jurisdictional Immunities of the State, state immunity is a _____ rule protecting sovereign equality.  

Procedural

28.                   What are the two basic requirements for an internationally wrongful act under the ILC Articles?         Conduct attributable to the State and a breach of an international obligation.

29.                   Which case established the obligation for a State not to knowingly allow its territory to be used for acts contrary to other States' rights? 

Corfu Channel

30.                   The Tehran Hostages case shows a State can be responsible for private acts if it _____ and endorses the conduct.   

Adopts

31.                   What are the three classic forms of reparation for an internationally wrongful act?      

Restitution, compensation, and satisfaction.

32.                   What is the term for peremptory norms of international law from which no derogation is permitted?

Jus cogens

33.                   Which UN Charter article empowers the Security Council to determine the existence of a threat to the peace?        

Article 39

34.                   According to the Nicaragua case, collective self-defence requires a request by the victim State and an _____.     

Armed attack

35.                   Which treaty provides the primary legal framework for maritime zones and seabed governance?

UNCLOS

36.                   The 2024 ITLOS climate advisory opinion held that greenhouse gas emissions can constitute _____.   

Pollution of the marine environment

37.                   What Indian statute implements the various maritime zones recognized by international law?

The Maritime Zones Act, 1976

38.                   The concept that the deep seabed and its resources belong to all mankind is known as the _____.         Common heritage of mankind

39.                   Which organization, established in 1899, services a diverse portfolio of inter-State and investment arbitrations?        

The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

40.                   Why is the 2022 reparations judgment in Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo significant?     

It provides a detailed judicial model for remedial assessment and valuation of damages.

41.                   The Extradition Act, 1962, serves as the basic statutory framework for the surrender of fugitives in _____.     

India

42.                   Under the ILC Articles, circumstances precluding wrongfulness cannot justify non-conformity with obligations arising from _____.  

Jus cogens

43.                   Which treaty body has both contentious and advisory jurisdiction over the Law of the Sea?

44.                   ITLOS

45.                   The Nuclear Weapons advisory opinion states that any use of force must comply with both the UN Charter and _____. 

International humanitarian law

46.                   What did the ICJ decide regarding the legal nature of Security Council resolutions in the Namibia case? 

They can have binding legal consequences for Member States under the Charter.

47.                   In international law, the principle of 'due diligence' regarding territory was primarily articulated in which case?

         Corfu Channel

48.                   Which jurisdictional theory allows a State to prosecute certain grave crimes regardless of where they occurred? 

Universal jurisdiction

49.                   The distinction between self-executing and non-self-executing treaties is central to the practice of which country?  

The United States

50.                   According to the ILC 2018 Conclusions, what serves as evidence of 'opinio juris'?       

The belief that a practice is rendered obligatory by the existence of a rule of law.

51.                   Which maritime zone extends up to 200 nautical miles and grants the coastal state sovereign rights over resources? 

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

52.                   Which case serves as a leading authority for using international human rights to situationally define the right to privacy in India?

Puttaswamy v. Union of India

53.                   What is the primary function of advisory jurisdiction at the ICJ compared to contentious jurisdiction?

Institutional clarification rather than resolving inter-State disputes based on direct consent.

54.                   Which document governs the interpretation, validity, and termination of treaties between states?

The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)

55.                   Which case involved a dispute between India and Italy regarding maritime jurisdiction and sovereign immunity? 

The Enrica Lexie incident

56.                   In state responsibility, what occurs when a State's conduct is found to be in breach of an international obligation?       

International responsibility is engaged, entailing an obligation to make reparation.