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WORD(S) ANSWERS FOR CLEARING CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW PREPARED BY – DR. BOMMULURI BHAVANA RAO 1. What international document is described as the constitutional framework of contemporary public international law? The UN Charter 2. Which UN Charter article prohibits the threat or use of force in international relations? Article 2(4) 3. Under Article 51 of the UN Charter, the right of self-defence is preserved only if _________ occurs? An armed attack

Public International Law Author: Dr. Bommuluri Bhavana Rao Notes- LB-205 Public International Law syllabus Nature and development of international law; sources; the relationship between international and municipal law; state responsibility; law of the sea; state jurisdiction; and sovereign, diplomatic, and consular immunity. It also prescribes foundational instruments including the UN Charter, the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the ICCPR, the ICESCR, the Europ

JURISPRUDENCE-II (LB 604) HAND NOTES FROM LECTURES DELIVERED Dr Bommuluri Bhavana Rao Please see These are only my lecture pointers and not to be used as a substitute to case material. We had discussion on each of these topics in classes and so refer to all your class notes for examples and arguments. 1. Unit 1 Dharma and Rule of Law Defining Dharma The idea of Dharma functions as the ontological and moral cornerstone of the social order in Bharati

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As a teacher of Public International Law, I am often asked questions that if international law prohibits war, how effective is it. Is it not a weak law…Why do we have to study this law? These are fair questions. But there is more to it than just answering this in a yes, no or giving […]

Today, the Supreme Court of India made an important observation while hearing a petition about inheritance rights of Muslim women. During the hearing, the Court remarked that a broader reform like a Uniform Civil Code may ultimately be the solution to inequalities that arise under different personal laws. It is important to remember that this conversation should not be […]

Though the Bharatiya Constitution visualizes a Uniform Civil Code under Article 44, its implementation remains politically and socially contested. At the same time, women in India continue to face systemic discrimination in personal law matters like marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption. Legal pluralism has allowed such inequalities to persist across religious communities. Scholars have argued […]

On my third day at a private university, I was told, “We are a family here.” In academia, that usually means follow the hierarchy without paperwork. And it means “don’t start the email culture to keep records.” I was hired in a senior role to build research networks, create international collaborations, and launch a new […]

In ancient India, people lived together in communities without written law books or formal courts. Even then, society functioned peacefully because people followed Dharma. Dharma meant doing what was right, fair, and responsible. It guided daily behaviour, parents cared for children, teachers taught honestly, rulers protected people, and traders avoided cheating. These expectations were not […]

Education is changing fast. Traditional classrooms with chalkboards and textbooks are giving way to digital tools and online platforms. This shift is not just about convenience; it transforms how students learn and how teachers teach. Technology opens new doors for personalized, interactive, and accessible education. Understanding these changes helps students, educators, and parents prepare for a future where learning is more engaging and effective. How Technology Changes Lea

Creating a sense of community is essential for educators and speakers alike. Whether you are teaching a classroom full of students or addressing an audience at a conference, fostering connections can significantly enhance the learning experience. In this blog post, we will explore practical strategies to build a strong community, engage your audience, and create lasting relationships. Understanding the Importance of Community Building a community is not just about gathering p

In today's world, the ability to communicate effectively is more important than ever. Whether you are a seasoned speaker or just starting out, securing speaking engagements can significantly enhance your visibility and credibility. This blog post will guide you through the essential steps to create impact and successfully land speaking opportunities. Understanding the Importance of Speaking Engagements Speaking engagements offer a platform to share your knowledge, connect wit

Teaching is not just about delivering content; it's about engaging students in a way that fosters a love for learning. In today's diverse classrooms, educators face the challenge of reaching every student, regardless of their learning style or background. This blog post will explore effective teaching strategies that can help educators engage students and create a dynamic learning environment. Understanding Student Engagement Before diving into specific strategies, it's essen

Tragedy at RG KAR Kolkata The tragic incident on August 9, 2024, at Kolkata’s R G Kar Medical College and Hospital, involving the rape and murder of a 31-year-old post-graduate junior doctor, has sent shockwaves through the medical community and the general public alike. This event has also drawn attention to a disturbing pattern of […]

Real democracy rests with the people, they say. Who are the people then. Flowing from the recent tryst with the election commission, my idea about democracy is it should be real representation of the people. Representation of the masses. Representation of the downtrodden. Representation of those who cannot earn and play with big money. And […]

A verdict on a juvenile criminal, a day writing a legal report and the night now, reflecting on what law means to me. In a country where there are scores of people who are ignorant of what is in store for them, there are a plenty debating on how to sail through in this ocean of laws. Laws […]

Many a times I wonder what reality would be like, again. Yes in this virtual world, I am lost to the chaos of the ever intruding technology. Missing all the fun of reality. I might have failed in accepting it as a necessary and limited part of my life. After all, this demon kept me in […]